Arteries Of Gutteral Pouh

Guttural pouch mycosis is a rare but very serious disease in horses.

Arteries of gutteral pouh.

Fungal plaques form within the guttural pouches most commonly along the walls of the major blood vessels internal carotid external carotid and maxillary arteries figure 3. The role played by the guttural pouches in the horse is still incompletely known but major advancements have been made by the works of baptiste and coworkers suggesting a major role of the guttural pouch in a brain cooling mechanism 8 9. Fungal plaque is usually located in the medial guttural pouch near the internal carotid artery. Guttural pouch mycosis is a fungal infection in the guttural pouch caused by a common fungi that most all horses carry.

Air pressure varies with phase and forcefulness of respiration and the artery in the mucosal fold is exposed sufficiently to be affected. Only two of these survived of which one remained slightly dysphagic. Finally the internal carotid artery lies within the caudal wall of the medial compartment while the external carotid artery and maxillary artery are. It may influence internal carotid artery blood pressure.

It is caused by a fungus that infects the lining of the guttural pouch usually on the roof of the guttural pouch. The capacity of guttural pouches in adult horses is 472 12 4 ml and the lateral compartment is approximately one third of the capacity of the medial compartment. The infection can cause some deep damage to the arteries and nerves. The infection usually develops subsequent to a bacterial primarily streptococcus spp infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Guttural pouch mycosis is a fungal infection of one or both guttural pouches. The fungus has an affinity for growing on the surface of the guttural pouch overlying the nerves and arteries. Gpm is of unknown pathogenesis currently and no predisposing factors have been identified. The blood to the horse s brain is supplied by the occipital and vertebral arteries but also mainly by the.

Clinical signs of important guttural pouch diseases are referable to injury of specific nerves and arteries in the guttural pouch and acoustic system. Some cases of pharyngeal hemiplegia can make a complete recovery althouhh it may take 12 to 18 months. The vestibulocochlear nerve cn viii does not enter the guttural pouch directly but may be involved in guttural pouch diseases that affect the middle ear such as temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. Clinical signs include intermittent purulent nasal discharge painful swelling in the parotid area and in severe cases stiff head carriage and stertorous breathing.

The function of guttural pouches is largely unknown however hypotheses have been put forward. Guttural pouch empyema is defined as the accumulation of purulent septic exudate in the guttural pouch.